Tuesday, January 22, 2008

Antony Gormley on drawing - at the Jerwood

Last night, Tina Mammoser and I were treated to a unique event - Antony Gormley RA speaking in public for the very first time ever about his drawings at a Gallery Talk to a small audience at the Jerwood Space.

The talk was associated with an exhibition, Space to Draw, which opened on 17th January and runs until 10th February and includes both sculpture and drawings by Antony Gormley and six other artists who've all had previous associations with the Jerwood.

'Drawing what you can't see'
pen and ink in Moleskine sketchbook
copyright Katherine Tyrrell


The exhibition considers the relationship between sculpture and drawing. Three artists, for whom drawing is a major part of their professional practice have been invited to give Gallery talks during the course of the exhibition and Antony Gormley gave the first of these last night - "Drawing From & Drawing Out".

It was a real privilege to hear him speak about his approach to drawing as well as to see his slide show of drawings done in various media and the drawings in the exhibition. Some of the drawings have previously been seen in exhibitions. You can see more of his more recent drawings here and here and the projects that they related to on his website - such as the Feeling Materials project - including Feeling Material V (in the Jerwood exhibition)

He talked about:
  • producing two sort of drawings - workbook drawings and drawings which investigate space and time, which have informed his sculpture.
  • how his drawings are exploring insides and outsides, the tensions inbetween and how a body might articulate space. He showed a drawing a silhouette of a body against the sky and how it inverted to become a void rather than a solid - which posed the question of whether the drawing is of a thing, a place or a void.
  • he's interested in how inscribing space can activate it - how a line on a flat piece of paper can become liberated from perspective
  • the nature of the materials he uses to draw - in the main natural substances - and how it's important to be sensitive to the nature of the medium used for drawing. He uses very little colour other than purely natural earth like colours.
  • how he is now drawing spaces - with no bodies - made up on trajectory lines made with an etching burr, registering a bodily movement
  • how a line can trace and register time
  • how for a long time he thought drawings had to be of something before he realised that drawing could become something more than recognition or communication, a drawing could become participative.
What follows are some soundbites from last night.
"Drawing is like thinking out loud"

"Drawing is a form of explanation. It's a notation of a journey"

"I try to draw every day"

"There's nowhere to hide in drawing"

"It's important that the substances which I draw with are not taken for granted...they are not innocent parties"

"You have to give up all ideas of what a thing looks like"

"Everybody draws differently and that's what makes it valuable"

"The immediacy of what's happening is more important than the accuracy. You're trying to make a notation of something you're not sure about and that's what makes it of value."

Antony Gormley 21 January 2007
His drawings are often made at night. He works on a traditional Somerset paper 300g/m² which is made for etching.

Antony Gormley has a solo show at the White Cube in March. His proposal for the use of the empty fourth plinth in Trafalgar Square (which even has its own website now!) is currently being considered. You can read his proposal here - it's certainly different and I suspect is in with a better than even chance of success!

For the record, I didn't have a very good view of Antony Gormley and my own drawings were captured as he moved around during the talk. Drawing - inbetween note-taking - progressed from the top of the page in my sketchbook in an anti-clockwise direction!

Note:
You can see a biography of Antony Gormley on his website. Antony Gormley is a sculptor who has explored the human image using his own body as a subject, tool and material over the course of the last 25 years. His work has been exhibited extensively both in the UK (such as the Whitechapel, Tate Modern, Hayward Galleries, British Museum and White Cube) and internationally. He has participated in major group shows such as the Venice Biennale. His most celebrated work is probably his 20m high figure 'Angel of the North' (1997). Another important installation is 'Another Place' (1998) which now has a permanent home on Crosby Beach in Merseyside.

Antony Gormley was awarded the Turner Prize in 1994 for his Field for the British Isles, a roomful of some 40,000 terracotta figures, handmade by a local community in St Helen's on Merseyside, shown at Tate Liverpool in 1994, and (until January 2003) on show at the British Museum.
He also won the South Bank Prize for Visual Art in 1999 and was made an Order of the British Empire (OBE) in 1997. In 2007 he was awarded the Bernhard Heiliger Award for Sculpture. He is an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, Trinity College, Cambridge and Jesus College, Cambridge, and has been a Royal Academician since 2003.

Links

Monday, January 21, 2008

Composition and Design - A Digest #1

Last week I recommended Greg Albert's "The Simple Secret to Better Painting" as a book which I recommend to people needing help with or wanting to find out more about composition. Today, I'm listing and providing a synopsis of other books about composition or books which have helpful sections about composition.

This first 'digest' of book reviews focuses on those books which relate composition to art history or were written over a hundred years ago.

Composition
A series of exercises for the use of students and teachers
by Arthur Wesley Dow (Author), Joseph Masheck (Author).
Publisher: University of California Press; original publication 1899; current edition (February 1998). ISBN-10: 0520207491;ISBN-13: 978-0520207493

Arthur Wesley Dow (1857-1922) was a painter, printmaker and a writer. He chaired the Department of Fine Arts at Teachers College of Columbia University, New York from 1904 until his death.

Dow is perhaps best known as a mentor to Georgia O'Keeffe and the man who literally "wrote the book" on composition. First published in 1899, this manual influenced generations of teachers and students.

The book arose out of Dow's studies of the approach to making art in different cultures and therein lies some of the real power of the book for me - particularly now in an age of instant global communication.

Relevant to all of the visual arts, it employs a workbook format and sets of exercise to work through principles regarding harmonic relations between lines, color, and dark and light patterns. It also includes an extended discussion of Notan which in turn is based on Dow's studies of wood block printing in Japan.
In Composition Dow develops a system for teaching students to create freely constructed images on the basis of harmonic relations between lines, colors, and dark and light patterns. Greatly influenced by Japanese art, he expounds a theory of "flat" formal equilibrium as an essential component of telling pictorial creation. Generations of teachers and their public school pupils learned from Dow's orientalism and adopted basic postimpressionist principles without even knowing the term.
University of California Press - introduction to the book
Dow saw composition and design as a preparation for drawing rather than drawing as a preparation for design.
Composition, building up of harmony, is the fundamental process in all the fine arts. I hold that art should be approached through composition rather than through imitative drawing..........Study of composition of Line, Mass and Color leads to appreciation of all forms of art and of the beauty of nature.
Arthr Wesley Dow
The book is lavishly illustrated although it tends to keep to the original black and white illustrations. My copy was purchased at the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in Santa Fe and I've been dipping in and out of it ever since - especially last summer during my Georgia O'Keeffe project.

The copy which I've linked to is the copy I've got which reproduces Dow's revised version published in 1912 - but with an introduction by Joseph Masheck. It's not an easy book to absorb in one reading but does repay further study. Personally I thought that the 60 page introduction by Joseph Masheck is a discussion of the historical context of the book's publication and its ramifications in terms of impact. It's rather long but presumably necessary as a preface for a book which would otherwise be out of copyright by now. A pdf copy (note the size!) of the 1913 version can be seen on the Canadian Libraries Internet Archive website here.

Pictorial Composition
Henry Rankin Poore.
Dover Publications (original 1903; this edition June 1, 1976); paperback: 104 pages; ISBN-10: 0486233588; ISBN-13: 978-0486233581

Henry Rankin Poore
(1859-1940)

I've not got nor read this book but it ranks top of the Amazon lists when you do a search on 'art+composition' and its Amazon listing contains a number of useful reviews which are worth reading. Bear in mind that it's very clear that a number of the reviewers obviously don't appreciate that this book was originally published in 1903. It may now come across as formulaic and written in an old fasioned way to some while others find it succinet and absolute gold mine - a number suggest that it covers a lot of detail not generally covered by most art books or tutors.
Every item of a picture has a degree of pulling power, as though each object was a magnet of some potency or strength. Each has attraction for the eye. While each draws attention to itself, it detracts from every other part proportionately. On the Principle of the Steelyard, the farther from the middle and more isolated and more isolated an object the greater its weight or attraction.
Henry Rankin Poore
You can also find a limited preview of this book on Google Books here - which includes the Table of Contents and the Index it looks interesting to me. This also lists how you can buy it (bottom of the right hand pane).

You can find out a little bit more about Henry Rankin Poore on this page of a website which focuses on the Lyme Art Colony in Connecticut at the turn of the 20th century.

The Elements of Drawing
John Ruskin
Publisher: Dover Publications; original edition 1857; Rev Ed edition (June 1, 1971); paperback - 228 pages; ISBN-10: 0486227308; ISBN-13: 978-0486227306

This is a timeless classic by John Ruskin, a renowned art critic and tutor who championed honest, naturally observed art - and the work of JMW Turner.

The book has never been out of print since it was first published in the mid-nineteenth century. It contains a treatise on the laws of colour and composition. The book is mostly about drawing but does touche on composition. He discusses the laws of principality (dominance); repetition (including symmetry); continuity; curvature; radiation; contrast, interchange, consistency and harmony. You can read more about Ruskin's beliefs which informed this book in the wikipedia entry for Ruskin.

I've got two copies - this one which is the small paperback version - slim and easy to carry round - and another one which has been edited and annotated by Bernard Dunstan which I find more accessible - but less accommodating for tube reading. I have to confess although some parts are tremedously clear I'm also find it slow going in other parts (he tends to digress or get caught up with an idea) however his perspective on art and the process of making it is invaluable.

How to Read Paintings
by Nadeije Laneyrie-Dagen.
Publisher: Chambers (June 21, 2004); Paperback: 272 pages; ISBN-10: 0550101225; ISBN-13: 978-0550101228

How to Read Paintings aims to help its readers understand the creative process better and to appreciate paintings more by identifying and then interpreting those elements that make a painting memorable. It has a section on composition. It's my current bed-time reading so I'm not going to comment on its value - but it certainly covers a number of topics in relation to composition which I haven't seen very much of elsewhere.
"The term 'composition' refers to the various means, graphic rather than chromatic, used by painters to organise or order their work.
How to Read Paintings - introduction to Composition
I'm going to list below what it considers as overall it covers topics not often seen in books more usually consulted in relation to composition. It considers:
  • context - the setting or shape of the space to be painted. It includes an analysis of the paintings on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel.
  • choice for format: the prestigious golden section
  • the interior of the painting: organisation of the plane - with commentary on
    • how people read paintings
    • the construction and meaning of religious art in relation to the centre and sides - left and right, high and low;
    • symmetry and asymmetry;
    • pyramid and frieze formats;
    • horizontals, verticals and diagonals
    • empty and full composition
    • open and closed composition
    • the size of figures relative to the size of the painting
  • the illusion of depth: cheating perspective
    • procedures for creating perspective
    • the different perspectives on perspective in the Middle Ages and the 14th century
    • centralised linear perspective from the 15th century
    • anamorphic images - involving the distortion of real images
    • how perspective is used as a symbol - and to play spatial games
    • foreground and the construction of depth
    • painting the viewer's space (using Las Meninas as an example)
    • experiments with composition eg by Van Gogh
Finally here are links to Google Book lists arising from subject:"Composition (Art)". These include, for example, Wassily Kandinsky's "Point and Line to Plane"
and

Conclusion:
The conclusion I'm reaching very early in this project is that there are any number of ways at looking at how composition is best approached. Simply because something was written about 100 years ago doesn't make it out of date. Simply because something was identified a long time ago and recorded does not make make modern art tutors the best people to impart that bit of knowledge. Going back to the original texts is something that can be a very worthwhile exercise. For me, composition seems very much like a topic that can reward repeated study with periodic 'aha' moments as something falls into place - even something which you thought you'd heard about/read about/'done and got the T shirt' before! Studying composition as a subject in its own right is also making looking at both paintings by other artists and the natural world much more rewarding for me.

I'll be doing more digests of more contemporary books about composition during course of this project.

Links:

Sunday, January 20, 2008

20th January 2008: Who's made a mark this week?

Jonathan Jones this week celebrated 'The Dance' by Matisse in this Guardian article "Why this is the most beautiful modern painting in the world. Those in a position to visit London will soon be able to see it at the Royal Academy. To learn more about the 'From Russia' exhibition and how you can find our more about this painting see below.
Henri Matisse, The Dance, 1910.
Oil on canvas, 260 x 391 cm.
The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg.
Photo Archives Matisse, Paris. Copyright Succession H. Matisse/DACS 2008 (see the item on the 'From Russia' exhibition below)

Art Blogs
  • I don't think I've ever seen, and certainly have never featured Bruce McEvoy's blog before, but this is it - the official Handprint Blog. I'm not quite sure why I've missed it but I think I'm maybe not alone given its absence from the blogrolls of people who I would expect to be fans. You can see more of Bruce's work here and this is the link to Bruce's completely wonderful Handprint website - which probably has one of the most opaque and complex site maps going - if I could ever find it!
  • Thanks to Tina Mammoser for the reference to the a-n site and the section on artists 'exposing contemporary visual arts practice' . These are more blogs set up to talk about a specific project then day-to-day blogs which happen to have a project. I was absolutely fascinated by the one which is about Drawing with Wood (about marquetry). Thanks also to Tina for nominating this blog as one of her 8 must read blogs - check out her other recommendations.
  • Serena Fenton (Layers of Meaning) has a great blog which comments on design and textile art. She recently highlighted a UK based textile artist Carol Naylor who constructs wonderful vistas throught the use of machine stitched embroidery. For those who are interested, this is Carol Naylor's website which provides you with more insight into her stunning work.
  • Congratulations to Bonny Racca in Canada (Bonny's pages) who has achieved her 100th post - with a heart-warming memory.
Art Blog Tutorials
  • Maggie Latham has a tutorial on pastels on Wet canvas - Talk on Pastels with demo. This show how she makes her own boards and what she does to demonstrate pastels to others.
  • Michael Chesley Johnson talked in December about Skipping the Underpainting when painting plein air in winter.
  • Photographing Art: Thanks to Nita Leland (Exploring color and creativity) for the reference to J R Compton's article in the Dallas Art Review of How to photograph artwork.
  • I don't generally list a blog until it's at least 3 months old (the attrition rate is just too high!) however here's a very unusual new blog Where Art Meets Technology. Set up by David Darrow, its intended aim is "Helping artists understand and use computers and web technologies to advance their careers, gain exposure and sell art". It already includes a number of useful posts and I've added it into my information site The Art Business - Resources for Visual Artists.
Art Business and Marketing

It's a new year and there are an awful lot of good marketing posts around - more about this later this week in relation to the current economic context. In the meantime here are a few more of them.
  • Alyson B Stanfield (Art Biz Blog) constructed a list of her The Art Biz Blog Greatest Hits of 2007 at the beginning of January (maybe save that one to look at later as it includes a lot to look at). I've seen some blogs criticise others which have provided lists of their blog posts which others have 'clicked' on the most. Very silly - after all nobody's forcing you to read them - and you may have missed some of the really good ones while distracted with other things! Plus here's a couple of more recent thought-provoking onesa couple of Is art marketable without talent? and some interesting thoughts on juried art exhibits.
  • Edward Winkleman (Edward Winkleman) has an interesting post about a seismic shift - with an awful lot of comments - which suggests the ultimate prize is no longer to get into a museum (where your work may be consigned to long periods in the vaults) but rather into the ownership of a premier collector. Could this be because collectors tend to have friends who are also collectors?! ;)
Art Exhibitions and Art Fairs
  • here's a list of the major new exhibitions in the UK in 2008 - they all look pretty good to me. The links to the exhibitions mentioned are below:
    • Royal Academy - From Russia: French and Russian Master Paintings 1870–1925 from Moscow and St Petersburg (26 Jan—18 Ap 2008). This is, by consensus, widely reported as the blockbuster exhibition of 2008. It's also going to be a 'once only' opportunity to see many of the paintings for those not planning to visit either Moscow or St Petersburg. Thank goodness that, as reported last week, the problem about whether or not it would be able to open was resolved. (Although this was drafted earlier in the week since when we've had a few more altercations at a cultural/diplomatic level - so who knows what will happen!). You can read more about the exhibition here - if you are in any doubt as to whether you want to travel to London and/or book a ticket click the links to see some of the images (such as the painting by Matisse at the top of this post) which will be on display! You can also read about the exhibition and the paintings in the free and interactive format of the winter edition of the RA magazine.
    • National Gallery - Van Eyck to Titian: the Renaissance Portrait (15 October 2008- 18 January 2009 - no link listed as yet). This exhibition is jointly organised with The Prado, Madrid.
    • Tate Britain - Peter Doig (5 February – 27 April 2008) and Francis Bacon (1 October 2008 – 4 January 2009)
    • Tate Modern - Rothko (26 September 2008 – 1 February 2009)
    • Liverpool Biennial 2008 (Various venues, Liverpool, 20 September – 30 November 2008)
  • Some alternative perspectives on this week's London Art Fair by The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph. I'm off there this afternoon for the last da
Visual Arts, Video and Television
  • Edward Winkelman (op cit) comments on new developments in relation to art blogs and TV here. I have to say I agree - having the technology is one thing, getting the content right is quite another - even if you are an established reporting site.
  • For example, just take a look at this very weird video from the New York Times website of the opening of the exhibition of Lucian Freud's work in New York. I can't imagine this is what either the artist or gallery hoped for in terms of coverage! I thought the interviews and journalism were pitiful. Is this typical fare from the New York Times arts columnists
  • Also take a look at this interesting article by John Wyver in the Guardian commenting on the gulf between the numbers which stream into Tate Modern and the numbers who watch arts programming on television
Facebook

I've previously indicated on this blog that I've joined Facebook. However, on Monday, after reading this Guardian article "With friends like these...." I removed virtually all my information from Facebook and just left a link to the article. It comments on the political motivations and practices of some of the backers of Facebook and topped the the 'most read' article site for two days running plus generated enough letters and e-mails to warrant a second site Facebook pig in a poke for neocons here by Wednesday.

......and finally

People make their art out of all sorts of materials - but this week photographer Carl Warner managed to get himself some fantastic exposure on more than one TV channel with these complex and fantastic still lifes as seen on the BBC website. This Times article Raw art that's too good for you explains a little bit about the process he uses. For more views go to his website www.carlwarner.com (you'll need flash) and click first the orange box and then the second box from the left which is called Foodscapes.

Saturday, January 19, 2008

Banksy, e-bay auctions and DACS

"BANKSY - ORIGINAL on Portobello Road, London"
A screen shot of the 'larger image' of the subject of an e-bay auction on 14th January 2008
posted by mobolajimedia

Here's one for anybody who has ever had problems with buyers while selling their art on e-bay - or for anybody who has ever sold somebody else's artwork and needs to think about the resale right.

On Monday this week a Banksy 'original' on a wall was sold on on e-bay - after a few mistakes while bidding and 69 bids - for £208,100. Banksy is (according to his wikipedia entry) a "well-known pseudo-anonymous[1] English graffiti artist". The art in question is of an 'artist painting' the word Banksy onto the wall - which I guess means if it's genuine then it should be categorised as a self-portrait.

The seller identified himself as being the landlord of a building on which the graffiti was painted. At some point during the process, the seller amended the e-bay auction to indicate that
The following statement: "Sotheby's have confirmed there is no doubt that this is an original Banksy" is inaccurate, Sotheby's have not authorized this for public disclosure. Sotheby's does not authenticate works by Banksy as only Banksy and his dealer/manager has the right to authententicate his artwork.
Sotheby's? How come they're involved???

Which then made me wonder who was watching the auction and who exactly was involved in the bidding. In fact, I then started to wonder whether the e-bay auction itself was an art event rather than a real auction! Read on for why that thought occurred.

The sale price initially looks like good news. Doubtless Bonhams, or whoever is appointed, will be making a note of it in relation to any future auctions of work by Banksy that they handle.

And then I looked to see who had bought it - and found that the landlord appears to have sold the wall to somebody who doesn't have much of a track record on e-bay and is labelled by other e-bay sellers as a 100% timewaster.

So then I googled Kimberly Hitchens - who was identified by the seller as the person that potential buyers should deal with - and, maybe unsurprisingly, found that it's also the name of somebody who is an artist.

So was this a real auction or was it a hoax or was it an 'art event'? Could it even be that somebody was testing the waters?

Then I had a thought which came out of the left field. Supposing the auction and sale were genuine. If, that's the case how are e-bay and the landlord had going to handle the DACS angle with an auction like this?

According to the Design and Artists Copyright Society database Banksy is registered which means he that if it were a resale then Banksy would qualify to receive a royalty payment. A quick calculation using the DACs website's very nifty calculator, revealed this payment would need to be £5,447.50. That is, of course, if both the auction and the buyer turn out to be genuine and it was a resale.

However, the Artists and Visual Creators' FAWs document (which can be downloaded as a pdf document from DACS) makes it clear that not all sales are covered by the Resale Right.

Firstly, it's exempt if it's a first sale.

Secondly it looks like it might still be exempt because of the following
sales which occur between private individuals, or between a private individual and a museum, will not qualify. The law is designed to cover only those art works which are sold in the secondary market by art market professionals.
Artists and Visual creators FAQs (Q2)
Now I don't know how much art gets sold on e-bay - but it does make me wonder, during these 'credit crunch' times, whether some sellers might in future aim to avoid the resale right payment (which is on a sliding percentage scale of the sale price) by putting artists' work for sale on e-bay rather than in one of the auction houses - like Bonhams or Sotheby's so that it qualifies as a sale between private individuals. Although maybe some might argue that the quantity of art being sold by e-bay actually means that it really ought to be designated as being part of the secondary art market - and consequently all resales of artworks should qualify.

So I asked the question - and this is the response you get when putting the search term 'DACS resale right' into the e-bay help/search box. Which I think means e-bay doesn't recognise DACS!

So what was this all about?

Well if nothing else, it all makes for an interesting flight of fancy, a surf across various interesting websites and a bit of education on a Saturday morning!

However, I'm almost tempted to go and see if that wall is still there in the same state in six months time!

Links:

Friday, January 18, 2008

Drawing a Head - one model and three views

Drawing A Head 17th January 2008 # 1, 2 and 3
pen and ink (below) or pencil on Lyndhurst highwhite cartridge paper,
50cm x 50cm / 15in x 15in

copyright Katherine Tyrrell

Back to "Drawing a Head" with James Lloyd - at last!

Long-time readers of this blog will know I attend an evening drawing class once a week at the Prince's Drawing School on the margins of 'trendy' Hoxton. (I never ever thought when I first moved to London that I'd use the words 'trendy' to refer to Hoxton!)

Or at least I do when I remember to get my application and fee in on time - which I didn't for the Autumn Term. The marketing has moved up a gear in the last year or so and the day and evening courses are now very popular and tend to be book up fast and have waiting lists before the term even starts. They're also now attracting people with less experience which is both a good thing and a not so good thing.

So last night I drew one model and adopted the strategy I started using towards the end of the summer term last year. I drew in pen as well as pencil (it makes you look harder!) and moved around the model and drew from different angles.

I've had to do all sorts of digital PS Elements things to my photographs of the images as the light here is so very grey and poor today. The results are still not brilliant so if we get better light in the near future (I'm not optimistic!) I'll have another go and post better images.

We have three sessions - two of 45 minutes and then one of 30 minutes. I'm always setting up in the first session so it's usually less than 45 minutes. You get to guess which drawing was done in which session.

For more information about courses at the Princes Drawing School see the website. They also do a postgraduate Drawing Year, a Young Artist programme and usually run a Drawing Week in the vacations between terms.

Links